Most of the hardware on the market is described as 304 stainless. Some of it is. A meaningful share is 201, or a 304 with a thinner wall than the drawing, or a zamak casting with a stainless look.
None of this fails on installation. It fails two winters later, inland from a coastline, when the hinges on forty doors have all spotted at once — and the replacement cost is ten times the saving on the original order.
Where the specification names a material, we ask for the mill certificate for the actual heat, and check the grade and thickness against the order. Where there is no certificate, we either test or we decline to call it 304.
Salt spray performance is the other number worth having in writing. A stated hour count to a named standard, from a report that names the product — not a generic sheet covering the factory's whole catalogue.
For visible hardware, finish consistency across the order matters as much as the finish itself. We check a spread of pieces from first, middle and last cartons, because a batch that shifts colour halfway through is not visible on a single sample.
Three levels of proof, in increasing cost: a mill certificate for the heat (cheap, sometimes borrowed), a chemical spot test on a production sample (fast, catches 201 substituted for 304), and a full lab spectrum analysis (slower, definitive). For architectural projects we usually do the spot test on a sample from each batch and keep the certificate on file.
It depends on the exposure: inland interior, coastal exterior, or a bathroom are three different requirements. Specify hours to a named standard (ASTM B117 or GB/T 10125) and state the environment. Beware of a figure quoted with no test method — 500 hours means nothing without knowing what was tested and how it was judged.
Sometimes it is, sometimes the branded item is made in the same town. The difference is usually consistency: a brand protects its name across batches, a small factory may not. If you are specifying 400 doors, the discipline of checking certificates and testing each batch is what makes unbranded viable. If you cannot inspect, buy the brand.
Send a physical sample of the existing piece, not a photo. We will get finish plates made and send them for comparison, then seal the approved one. Matching a five-year-old weathered finish exactly is usually impossible — expect a close match and plan for it.
市面上大部分五金都写着 304。一部分确实是。相当一部分是 201,或者是比图纸薄的 304,或者外面做成不锈钢样子的锌合金。
装的时候都不出问题。过完两个冬天、离海边远一点的地方,问题就来了——四十扇门的合页同时起锈点。换一遍的钱,是当初省下的十倍。
规格里写了材质的,我要实际炉号的材质证明,核牌号和厚度跟订单是不是一回事。拿不出来的,要么去做检测,要么我们就不叫它 304。
盐雾性能是另一个值得白纸黑字写下来的数字。写明多少小时、按哪个标准、报告上写的是哪个产品——不是一张覆盖工厂全目录的通用页。
看得见的五金,一整批颜色一致,跟颜色本身一样要紧。我们从第一箱、中间的、最后一箱各拿几件摆在一起——一批货做到一半颜色跑了,看单个样品是看不出来的。
三级证据,成本递增:炉号材质证明(便宜,有时是借来的)、生产样品化学点滴试验(快,能抓出 201 冒充 304)、完整实验室光谱分析(慢,但确凿)。工程项目我们通常每批抽样做点滴,同时把证书存档。
看暴露环境:内陆室内、沿海室外、卫生间,是三种不同要求。写明小时数、按哪个标准(ASTM B117 或 GB/T 10125),并说明使用环境。警惕没有检测方法的数字——500 小时这个数,在不知道测的是什么、怎么判定的情况下,等于没说。
有时候是,有时候那个品牌货就产在同一个镇。差别通常在一致性:品牌会为名声守住每一批,小厂不一定。如果您要装四百扇门,那套查证书、批批抽检的纪律,才让非品牌变得可行。如果没人验货,那就买品牌。
寄实物的旧件过来,不要照片。我们做饰板寄给您比对,确认那一块封存。想精确复刻一个用了五年、已经风化的饰面,通常做不到——预期是接近,并且把这个预期提前算进去。